The Zooarchaeology of ArchaeoAnimals - Ep 65

In this final episode of ArchaeoAnimals, Alex and Simona look back to over five years of podcasting about the archaeology of animal remains. From the very beginnings, to some of the running themes, recurring characters and inside jokes, this episode is an introspective journey into ArchaeoAnimals. Tune in for some of our favourite ArchaeoAnimals moments, we hope you’ll enjoy them as much as we did.

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Cute Animals Galore! - Ep 64

From quokkas to otters, we have selected some of the most endearing animals on the planet to bring you the ‘Cutest Case Studies of All Time’. Tune in to learn more about the anatomy and zooarchaeologies of the cutest of creatures.

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The Zooarchaeology of Predator - Ep 63

Join us for this year’s Halloween episode where we discuss the zooarchaeology of the Predator franchise.
From Hellhounds to Feral Predators, join us on a journey through 36 years of concept art and creature design of one of pop culture’s most beloved franchises.

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The Creatures of Medieval Maps and Bestiaries - 62

Join us on a journey through the mystical world of medieval maps and bestiaries. We will cover a selection of creatures real and imagined, their portrayal in the medieval period and how they informed people’s perceptions of said creatures.

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Lactose Intolerants Beware! The Zooarchaeology of Dairy - Ep 61

In this episode we discuss all things dairy. Tune in to learn more about how several archaeology sub-disciplines come together to provide evidence for dairy production and consumption in the past. Also some interesting bog butter theories.

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Ancient Crafts and Gross Stuff: Experimental Zooarchaeology - Ep 60

Join us as we delve into experimental archaeology through the lenses of zooarchaeology. How can replicating objects or activities from the archaeological record help us understand animal exploitation in the past? Tune in to find out more!

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Elephant or Cyclops? The Mistaken Identity of Animal Bones - Ep 59

From dragons, to unicorns and Divine Chickens, this episode is all about mythological creatures and how they may (or may not) have been inspired by fossilised remains of extinct species. Our friend Pliny the Elder makes an appearance once again, along with a peculiar extinct giraffe species.

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From the Frontlines to the Trenches - Ep 58

Join us as we embark on another listener-requested episode topic, this time all about the zooarchaeology of animals used in warfare. From fiery pigs to Hannibal’s infamous elephants, we take a look at how animals from around the world have been integral to military operations from prehistory to World War I.

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The Zooarchaeology of Star Wars - Ep 57

Episode II: Attack of the Alex

This episode, Alex and Simona dive back into the Star Wars universe and discuss the skeletal anatomy of a variety of creatures from both the canon lore and legends. Tune in to learn more about the possible ecology and anatomy of creatures such as the Krayt Dragon, the Kaadu and the Kowakian Monkey-Lizard and why nerf welfare is no laughing matter.

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Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction - What is it and What Does it Do? - Ep 56

This episode brings together episodes 53 to 55 as the unexpected finale of a ‘secret miniseries’ on how zooarchaeology can be used to reconstruct palaeoenvironments in conjunction with other archaeological subdisciplines. But how can the presence or absence of a given toad species infer on past environments? Tune in to find out! Case studies feature the humble European pond turtle/terrapin/tortoise and the palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of an Upper Pleistocene hyena den in Bois Roche, France.

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  • Betts, M. W., Maschner, H. D., Clark, D. S., Moss, M. L., & Cannon, A. (2011). Zooarchaeology of the “Fish That stops”. Moss, ML and Cannon, A., The Archaeology of North Pacific Fisheries, University of Alaska Press, Fairbanks, 171-195.

  • Foden, W. B. et al. (2009). Species susceptibility to climate change impacts. Wildlife in a changing world–an analysis of the 2008 IUCN Red List of threatened species, 77.

  • Muniz, F. P., Bissaro-Júnior, M. C., Guilherme, E., Souza-Filho, J. P. D., Negri, F. R., & Hsiou, A. S. (2021). Fossil frogs from the upper Miocene of southwestern Brazilian Amazonia (Solimões Formation, Acre Basin). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 41(6), e2089853.

  • Sommerseth, I. (2011). Archaeology and the debate on the transition from reindeer hunting to pastoralism. Rangifer, 31(1), 111-127.

  • Sommer, R. S., Persson, A., Wieseke, N., & Fritz, U. (2007). Holocene recolonization and extinction of the pond turtle, Emys orbicularis (L., 1758), in Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews, 26(25-28), 3099-3107.

  • Sommer, R. S. et al. (2009). Unexpected early extinction of the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) in Sweden and climatic impact on its Holocene range. Molecular Ecology, 18(6), 1252-1262.

  • Waters, J. M., Fraser, C. I., Maxwell, J. J., & Rawlence, N. J. (2017). Did interaction between human pressure and Little Ice Age drive biological turnover in New Zealand?. Journal of Biogeography, 44(7), 1481-1490.

  • Villa, P., Goni, M. F. S., Bescos, G. C., Grün, R., Ajas, A., Pimienta, J. C. G., & Lees, W. (2010). The archaeology and paleoenvironment of an Upper Pleistocene hyena den: an integrated approach. Journal of Archaeological Science, 37(5), 919-935.

  • Yeomans, L. (2018). Influence of Global and Local Environmental Change on Migratory Birds: Evidence for Variable Wetland Habitats in the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene of the Southern Levant. Journal of Wetland Archaeology, 18(1), 20-34.

  • Zuffi, M. A. L.; Celani, A.; Foschi, E.; Tripepi, S. (2007). "Reproductive strategies and body shape in the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) from contrasting habitats in Italy". Italian Journal of Zoology. 271 (2): 218–224.

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Of Mice and Rats (and All Manners of Voles) - Ep 55

This episode of ArchaeoAnimals is about all creatures small and smaller! Tune in to learn more about small rodents and insectivores and their importance for reconstructing palaeoenvironments, characterising human-animal interactions, as well as their slow but inevitable spread through the near entirety of the globe. Case studies include the house mouse in the Levant, the Pacific rat in Mangareva, and Deer Mice and Montane Vole in Washington, USA.

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  • Baker, P., & Worley, F. (2019). Animal bones and archaeology: recovery to archive. Historic England.

  • Cucchi, Thomas, et al. (2014) "The changing pace of insular life: 5000 years of microevolution in the Orkney vole (Microtus arvalis orcadensis)." Evolution 68.10. 2804-2820.

  • Fraser, M., Sten, S., & Götherström, A. (2012). Neolithic Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) from the Island of Gotland show early contacts with the Swedish mainland. Journal of Archaeological Science, 39(2), 229-233.

  • Lyman, R. L. (2003). Lessons from temporal variation in the mammalian faunas from two collections of owl pellets in Columbia County, Washington. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 13(3), 150-156.

  • McGovern, T., et al. (2008) "NABONE Zooarchaeological Database: Recording System Codes."

  • Swift, J. A., Miller, M. J., & Kirch, P. V. (2017). Stable isotope analysis of Pacific rat (Rattus exulans) from archaeological sites in Mangareva (French Polynesia): The use of commensal species for understanding human activity and ecosystem change. Environmental Archaeology, 22(3), 283-297.

  • Weissbrod, L. et al. (2017) "Origins of house mice in ecological niches created by settled hunter-gatherers in the Levant 15,000 y ago." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114.16. 4099-4104.

  • https://www.nhbs.com/blog/uk-small-mammal-identification

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Scales and Tails: Reptiles in Archaeology - Ep 54

In this episode of ArchaeoAnimals, Alex and Simona explore the Land of Reptilia. From the humble Grass Snake to the mighty Nile Crocodile, tune in to learn more about reptile remains in archaeology around the world.

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  • https://www.wildlifetrusts.org/where_to_see_reptiles

  • Bochaton, C. (2022). First records of modified snake bones in the Pre-Columbian archaeological record of the Lesser Antilles: Cultural and paleoecological implications. The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology, 17(1), 126-141.

  • Cordero, G. A. (2017). "The Turtle's Shell". Current Biology. 27 (5): R168–R169.

  • Gillreath-Brown, A., & Peres, T. M. (2017). Identifying turtle shell rattles in the archaeological record of the southeastern United States. Ethnobiology Letters, 8(1), 109-114.

  • Monchot, H., Bailon, S., & Schiettecatte, J. (2014). Archaeozoological evidence for traditional consumption of spiny-tailed lizard (Uromastyx aegyptia) in Saudi Arabia. Journal of archaeological science, 45, 96-102.

  • O'Connor, T. (2008) The Archaeology of Animal Bones. Texas A&M University Press.

  • Schneider, C. S., Pokines, J. T., L’Abbé, E. N., & Pobiner, B. (2022). Reptile Taphonomy. In Manual of Forensic Taphonomy (pp. 667-694). CRC Press.

  • van Wijngaarden-Bakker, L. H., & Troostheide, K. D. (2003). Bones and eggs. The archaeological presence of the grass snake Natrix natrix (L.) in The Netherlands. Environmental Archaeology, 8(2), 111-118.

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On Frog-Toads and Other Amphibian Dilemmas - Ep 53

In this episode of ArchaeoAnimals, take a journey into the world of amphibians with us. Witness the latest of Alex’s hot archaeology takes, discover the unbelievable cuteness of the axolotl and why amphibian remains are so crucial to the reconstruction of past environments.

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  • https://bna-naturalists.org/id-guide-british-amphibians/

  • https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/complete-axolotl-genome-could-reveal-secret-regenerating-tissues-180971335/

  • Buckley, M., & Cheylan, M. (2020). Collagen fingerprinting for the species identification of archaeological amphibian remains. Boreas, 49(4), 709-717.

  • Dittrich, C., & Götting-Martin, E. (2021). ‘Green Frog in the Water’. A Herpetological Approach to the Magico-Medical Use of Frogs and Frog-Amulets in Mesopotamia. In Bridging the Gap: Disciplines, Times, and Spaces in Dialogue. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd.

  • O'Connor, T. (2008) The Archaeology of Animal Bones. Texas A&M University Press.

  • Porcasi, J. F. (2010). Archaeological evidence for dietary use of bigfoot leopard frog (Lithobates megapoda) in postclassic and colonial central Mexico. Culture & Agriculture. 32 (1): 42–48.

  • Yan, F. et al. (2018). The Chinese giant salamander exemplifies the hidden extinction of cryptic species. Current Biology, 28(10), R590-R592.

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Xenomorph Archaeology - Ep 52

In this belated spooky episode, we untangle the web that is xenomorph anatomy, the creatures from the popular Alien franchise. Listen in for tales of stress inducing videogame sessions, what a dog xenomorph looks like, and in-depth analysis of the role of the facehugger in the xenomorph life cycle.

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Fine, Let's Rank Our Favourite Animal Bones - Ep 51

In this episode of ArchaeoAnimals, Alex and Simona put their party hats on to discuss their favourite animal bones as a (slightly belated) celebration of the first 50 episodes of the podcast!

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Where in the World? Part Six: The Zooarchaeology of Antarctica - Ep 50

Welcome to the final episode of our miniseries focusing on the zooarchaeology of various world regions. This episode is centred around Antarctica, focusing on the natural history and anatomy of the most prominent wild and domesticated species found throughout the continent. Tune in to learn about exploration expeditions gone wrong and interestingly named Guernsey cattle.

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Where in the World? Part Five: The Zooarchaeology of Oceania - Ep 49

Welcome to episode three of a miniseries focusing on the zooarchaeology of various world regions. Join us on a journey to Oceania as we learn about the natural history and anatomy of the most prominent wild and domesticated species found in the area. Tune in to learn more about creatures such as the cassowary, thylacine and platypus.

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  • Álvarez-Varas, R., Barrios-Garrido, H., Skamiotis-Gómez, I., & Petitpas, R. (2020). Cultural role of sea turtles on Rapa Nui (Easter Island): Spatial and temporal contrast in the Pacific island region. Island Studies Journal, 15, 253-270.

  • Bessarab, D., & Forrest, S. (2017). Anggaba jina nimoonggoon: Whose knowledge is that? Aboriginal perspectives of community development. Mia Mia Aboriginal Community Development: Fostering cultural security. Cambridge: University Press, Cambridge, 1-18.

  • Bino, G. et al. (2019). The platypus: evolutionary history, biology, and an uncertain future. Journal of mammalogy, 100(2), 308-327.

  • DiNapoli, R. J., Lipo, C. P., & Hunt, T. L. (2021). Triumph of the Commons: Sustainable Community Practices on Rapa Nui (Easter Island). Sustainability, 13(21), 12118.

  • Douglass, K. et al. (2021). Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene sites in the montane forests of New Guinea yield early record of cassowary hunting and egg harvesting. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(40), e2100117118.

  • Field, J. et al. (2000). ‘Coming back’ Aborigines and archaeologists at Cuddie Springs. Public Archaeology, 1(1), 35-48.

  • Field, J., & Dodson, J. (1999). Late Pleistocene megafauna and archaeology from Cuddie Springs, south-eastern Australia. In Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society (Vol. 65, pp. 275-301). Cambridge University Press.

  • Hartnup, K. et al. (2011). Ancient DNA recovers the origins of Māori feather cloaks. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 28(10), 2741-2750.

  • Hofman, C. A., Rick, T. C., Fleischer, R. C., & Maldonado, J. E. (2015). Conservation archaeogenomics: ancient DNA and biodiversity in the Anthropocene. Trends in ecology & evolution, 30(9), 540-549.

  • Jackson, S. (2010). Koala: Origins of an Icon. Allen and Unwin.

  • Lawal, R. A., & Hanotte, O. (2021). Domestic chicken diversity: Origin, distribution, and adaptation. Animal Genetics, 52(4), 385-394.

  • Paddle, R. (2002) The last Tasmanian Tiger: the history and extinction of the Thylacine. Cambridge University Press.

  • Shipman, P. (2021). What the dingo says about dog domestication. The Anatomical Record, 304(1), 19-30.

  • Skippington, J., Manne, T., & Veth, P. (2018). Macropods and measurables: A critical review of contemporary isotopic approaches to palaeo-environmental reconstructions in Australian zooarchaeology. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 17, 144-154.

  • Tsang, R. et al. (2021). Rock Art and (Re) Production of Narratives: A Cassowary Bone Dagger Stencil Perspective from Auwim, East Sepik, Papua New Guinea. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 1-19.

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Where in the World? Part Four: The Zooarchaeology of Asia - Ep 48

Welcome to episode three of a miniseries focusing on the zooarchaeology of various world regions. This episode is centred around Asian zooarchaeology, focusing on the natural history and anatomy of the most prominent wild and domesticated species found throughout the continent. Tune in to learn how pandas were mistaken for tapirs, grunting oxen and oracle bones.

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Links

  • Ameri, M. (2018). Letting the Pictures Speak: An Image-Based Approach to the Mythological and Narrative Imagery of the Harappan World. Seals and Sealing in the Ancient World: Case Studies from the Near East, Egypt, the Aegean, and South Asia, 144.

  • Bose, S. (2020). Mega Mammals in Ancient India: Rhinos, Tigers, and Elephants. Oxford University Press.

  • d’Alpoim Guedes, J., & Aldenderfer, M. (2020). The archaeology of the Early Tibetan Plateau: New research on the initial peopling through the Early Bronze Age. Journal of Archaeological Research, 28(3), 339-392.

  • Harper, D. (2013). The cultural history of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in early China. Early China, 35(36), 2012-13.

  • Kumar, S., Ali, M., & Khoso, P. A. (2020). Emergence and Decline of the Indus Valley Civilization in Pakistan. Global Sociological Review, 2, 9-22.

  • Liu, K. et al. (2021). Radiocarbon dating of oracle bones of late Shang period in ancient China. Radiocarbon, 63(1), 155-175.

  • Liu, Y. C. et al. (2018). Genome-wide evolutionary analysis of natural history and adaptation in the world’s tigers. Current Biology, 28(23), 3840-3849.

  • Mohamad, K. et al. (2009). On the origin of Indonesian cattle. PLoS One, 4(5), e5490.

  • Uzzaman, M. R. et al. (2014). Semi-domesticated and Irreplaceable genetic resource gayal (Bos frontalis) needs effective genetic conservation in Bangladesh: a review. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 27(9), 1368.

  • Yang, D.Y. et al. (2008). Wild or domesticated: DNA analysis of ancient water buffalo remains from north China. Journal of Archaeological Science, 35(10), pp.2778-2785.

  • http://trowelblazers.com/zheng-zhenxiang/

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Where in the World? Part Three: The Zooarchaeology of the Americas - Ep 47

Welcome to episode three of a miniseries focusing on the zooarchaeology of various world regions. This episode is centered around American zooarchaeology, focusing on the natural history and anatomy of the most prominent wild and domesticated species found throughout North and South America. Tune in for beaver-pretenders, bison-cattle hybrids and even more moose/elk arguments!

Interested in learning about how to use X-Rays and similar technology in archaeology? Check out the linked PaleoImaging course from James Elliot!

Connect with James on Twitter: @paleoimaging

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  • Anning, C. (2011) Inca success in Peruvian Andes 'thanks to llama dung'. BBC News.

  • Crader, D. C. (1997). Prehistoric use of beaver in coastal Maine (USA). Anthropozoologica, 25(26), 225-236.

  • - Halbert, N. et al. (2007). "Where the buffalo roam: The role of history and genetics in the conservation of bison on U.S. federal lands". Park Science. 24 (2): 22–29.

  • Hirst, K.K. (2018) Llamas and Alpacas: The Domestication History of Camelids in South America. ThoughtCo.

  • Hubbard, T. (2014). Buffalo Genocide in Nineteenth-Century North America. Colonial genocide in indigenous North America, 292-305.

  • Petrigh, R. S., & Fugassa, M. H. (2013). Molecular identification of a Fuegian dog belonging to the Fagnano Regional Museum ethnographic collection, Tierra del Fuego. Quaternary International, 317, 14-18.

  • Miller, G. R. (2003). Food for the dead, tools for the afterlife: Zooarchaeology at Machu Picchu. In Burger, R. L., and Salazar, L. C. (eds.), The 1912 Yale Peruvian Scientific Expedition Collections from Machu Picchu: Human and Animal Remains.

  • Saunders, N. J. (1994). Predators of Culture: Jaguar Symbolism and Mesoamerican Elites. World Archaeology, 26(1), 104–117.

  • Speller, C. F. et al. (2010). "Ancient mitochondrial DNA analysis reveals complexity of indigenous North American Canham domestication". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (7): 2807–2812.

  • Turner, B. L., and Armelagos, G. J. (2012). "Diet, residential origin, and pathology at Machu Picchu, Peru". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 149 (1): 71–83.

  • https://historicjamestowne.org/collections/artifacts/faunal-material/

  • https://blog.nature.org/science/2017/11/20/tracing-the-wild-origins-of-the-domestic-turkey/

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Where in the World? Part Two: The Zooarchaeology of Africa - Ep 46

Welcome to episode two of a miniseries focusing on the zooarchaeology of various world regions. This episode is centred around African zooarchaeology, focusing on the natural history and anatomy of the most prominent wild and domesticated species. Find out more about African Giant Rats, how loud Guinea fowls can be and what a zebrinny is.

Interested in learning about how to use X-Rays and similar technology in archaeology? Check out the linked PaleoImaging course from James Elliot!

Connect with James on Twitter: @paleoimaging

Interested in sponsoring this show or podcast ads for your business? Zencastr makes it really easy! Click this message for more info.

Start your own podcast with Zencastr and get 30% off your first three months with code ANIMALS. Click this message for more information.

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  • Beja-Pereira, A., et al. (2004). African origins of the domestic donkey. Science, 304, 1781.

  • Boeyens, J. C., & Van der Ryst, M. M. (2014). The cultural and symbolic significance of the African rhinoceros: a review of the traditional beliefs, perceptions and practices of agropastoralist societies in southern Africa. Southern African Humanities, 26(1), 21-55.

  • Marshall, F. (1989). Rethinking the role of Bos indicus in sub-Saharan Africa. Current Anthropology, 30(2), 235-240.

  • Parkinson, J. A. (2018). Revisiting the hunting-versus-scavenging debate at FLK Zinj: a GIS spatial analysis of bone surface modifications produced by hominins and carnivores in the FLK 22 assemblage, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 511, 29-51.

  • Pikirayi, I. (2018). The demise of Great Zimbabwe, AD 1420–1550: an environmental re-appraisal. In A Green and R Leech (eds) Cities in the World, 1500-2000.Routledge, 31-47..

  • Potts, R. (1984). Home Bases and Early Hominids: Reevaluation of the fossil record at Olduvai Gorge suggests that the concentrations of bones and stone tools do not represent fully formed campsites but an antecedent to them. American Scientist, 72(4), 338-347.

  • Rossel, S. et al. (2008). Domestication of the donkey: Timing, processes, and indicators. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(10), 3715-3720.

  • Shen, Q. et al. (2021). Genomic analyses unveil helmeted guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) domestication in West Africa. Genome biology and evolution, 13(6).

  • Stiner, M. C. (2004). Comparative ecology and taphonomy of spotted hyenas, humans, and wolves in Pleistocene Italy. Revue de Paléobiologie, 23(2), 771-785.

  • Wylie, D. (2009). Elephant. Reaktion Books

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